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独立磁盘冗余阵列（RAID）
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RAID

RAID (redundant array of independent disks) is a technique that combines multiple physical drives into one logical storage unit, using data distribution and redundancy to improve performance, capacity, or fault tolerance. Common levels such as RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, and 10 make different trade-offs between speed, redundancy, and capacity.

Also known as

磁盘阵列 · 冗余磁盘阵列 · redundant array of independent disks · 独立磁盘冗余阵列

Definition

RAID (redundant array of independent disks) combines multiple physical drives into one logical storage unit, using striping, mirroring, or parity to gain performance, redundancy, or both.

How it works

RAID 0 stripes data across drives for throughput with no redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors data between two drives; RAID 5 and 6 use distributed parity and survive the loss of one or two drives respectively; RAID 10 combines mirroring and striping. The array can be managed by a hardware controller or by software in the operating system.

Usage

Servers, workstations, and NAS boxes use RAID for availability: a failed drive is swapped and the array rebuilds online while the workload keeps running.

RAID is not a backup — it protects against a drive failing, not against deletion, ransomware, or the loss of an entire machine. A RAID array is the usual storage substrate inside a NAS, and the array itself can be built from SSDs or hard drives.

Sources